Los síndromes coronaries crónicos son infrecuentes en mujeres jóvenes, quienes suelen presentar una lenta progresión de enfermedad coronaria aterosclerótica, tienen presentación clínica atípica y son menos sujetas a exploración diagnostica. Se deben considerar causas no ateroscleróticas de enfermedad coronaria en mujeres jóvenes con angina. Informamos una paciente de 25 años que consultó por cinco meses de angina con esfuerzos moderados. Al examen físico presentaba un soplo carotideo derecho y pulsos asimétricos de extremidades superiores. La exploración de laboratorio inicial y posterior evaluación multimodal permitió evidenciar la presencia de aortitis y estenosis de ambos ostium coronarios, concordante con el diagnóstico de una arteritis de Takayasu. Inició terapia medica con respuesta clínica aparentemente favorable. No obstante, la evaluación cardiológica no invasiva en el seguimiento permitió corroborar la persistencia de isquemia significativa y necesidad de revascularización miocárdica. Se realizó una intervención coronaria percutánea de ambos ostium, con una evolución favorable.

Chronic coronary syndromes are usually considered uncommon in young women, related to slower progression of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, have atypical clinical presentations, and experience less diagnostic investigation. Non-atherosclerotic causes of coronary artery disease should be considered in young women experiencing angina. We report a 25-year-old woman who consulted for five months of moderate exertion angina. Physical examination revealed a right carotid bruit and asymmetrical upper extremity peripheral pulses. Initial work-up and imaging allowed to diagnose aortitis with bilateral coronary ostial stenosis secondary to Takayasu's arteritis. The patient experienced an apparent clinical response to initial medical therapy. However, follow-up evaluation revealed persistence of significant ischemia and requirement for myocardial revascularization. A percutaneous coronary intervention was performed.

RESUMO: O câncer ainda é uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. Muitos quimioterápicos de plantas foram testados em câncer, como vinblastina e paclitaxel. O norte do Chile, região de Arica e Parinacota, caracteriza-se por sua biodiversidade vegetal devido às suas condições geográficas e climatológicas únicas, oferecendo uma fonte inexplorada e única de compostos de origem natural. A presente pesquisa considerou uma triagem de 26 ervas das terras altas usando um modelo de inibição de crescimento in vitro em um painel de seis linhas celulares de câncer de diferentes tecidos. Cinco, dos 26 extratos etanólicos estudados, mostram forte atividade pelo menos em uma linhagem celular quando testados a 10 µg mL-1. Apresentamos um grupo de plantas dignas de serem avaliadas como extratos promissórios. Este trabalho faz parte da tentativa sistemática de encontrar novos candidatos para serem usados em terapias contra o câncer.

ABSTRACT: Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Many chemotherapeutics from plants have been tested in cancer, such as vinblastine and paclitaxel. The north of Chile, Arica & Parinacota region, is characterized by its vegetal biodiversity due to its unique geographical and climatological conditions, offering an unexplored and unique source of naturally-derived compounds. The present research has considered a screening of 26 highland herbs using an in vitro growth inhibition model in a panel of six cancer cell lines from different tissues. 5 of the 26 studied ethanolic extracts shows strong activity at least in one cell line when tested at 10 µg mL-1. We present a group of plants worthy to be evaluated as promissory extracts. This work is part of the systematic attempt to find new candidates to be used in cancer therapies.

Abstract Nine plants from the Puna ecoregion of northern Chile, traditionally used in ethnomedicine, were studied. The total content of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacity (ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC) were determined both in the dry material and in the infusions. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the antioxidant capacity for some of these plants and their infusions. Furthermore, these results show the diversity and complexity of the plants of the Chilean highlands with high potential to be used as a source of natural antioxidants in the reformulation and development of healthier foods.

Resumen Se estudiaron nueve plantas de la ecorregión de puna del norte de Chile, utilizadas tradicionalmente en etnomedicina. El contenido total de compuestos fenólicos y su capacidad antioxidante (ABTS, FRAP y ORAC) se determinaron tanto en el material seco como en las infusiones. Según nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer informe sobre capacidad antioxidante para algunas de estas plantas y sus infusiones. Además, estos resultados muestran la diversidad y complejidad de las plantas del altiplano chileno con alto po tencial para ser utilizadas como fuente de antioxidantes naturales en la reformulación y el desarrollo de alimentos más saludables.

ABSTRACT The Physalis peruviana, is an Andean crop with a wide distribution in South America, is also found in almost all the high sectors of the tropics and several parts of the subtropics worldwide. In Chile, there is only one record of the crop in the south of the country, and there is no evidence for this species in the northern Andes sector of the country. This study evaluated the adaptation of the P. peruviana crop to the current edaphological conditions of the Andean localities of northern Chile, in addition to the quality of the fruit. The characterization of waters and soils of the studied areas comply with the cultivation parameters for this species. Besides, agronomic management was established according to the ecological floor, to rescue an Andean crop forgotten for decades in this sector.

RESUMEN La Physalis peruviana, es un cultivo andino con una amplia distribución en América del Sur, encontrándose también en casi todos los sectores altos de los trópicos y en varias partes de los subtrópicos. En Chile, sólo se tiene registro del cultivo en el sur del país, no encontrándose ningún registro para esta especie en los Andes del extremo norte del país. Este estudio evaluó la adaptación del cultivo Physalis peruviana a las condiciones edafológicas actuales de las localidades andinas del norte de Chile. La caracterización de aguas y suelos de las zonas estudiadas cumplen con los parámetros de cultivo para esta especie. Además, se estableció un manejo agronómico según el piso ecológico, con el fin de rescatar un cultivo andino olvidado por décadas en este sector.

RESUMO: Baccharis alnifolia Meyen & Walp. é uma erva altiplana nativa e medicinal, chilena que é usada como cataplasma e também consumida como uma infusão para aliviar a inflamação. Este estudo avaliou o efeito antioxidante e citotóxico do extrato etanólico de B. alnifolia e sua infusão. Verificou-se que o extrato etanólico contém 4,42 mg GAE / g de peso seco e a infusão contém 35,86 mg GAE / L de polifenóis totais. Além disso, determinou a capacidade antioxidante utilizando o poder antioxidante redutor de Fração (FRAP), Capacidade de Absorção Radical de Oxigênio (ORAC) e capacidade antioxidante equivalente de Trolox (TEAC). Além disso, sete metabólitos, entre ácidos fenólicos e flavonóides, foram identificados pela primeira vez em ambos os extratos da planta medicinal Baccharis alnifolia. Os cromatogramas UHPLC-DAD revelaram a presença majoritária de ácido ferúlico e luteolina, ambos podendo ser responsáveis pela atividade antioxidante e citotóxica. Além disso, realizamos uma triagem preliminar da citotoxicidade em diferentes linhagens de células tumorais, descobrindo que esses extratos têm potencial citotóxico nas células renais.

ABSTRACT: Baccharis alnifolia Meyen & Walp. is a native and medicinal, Chilean Altiplano herb that is used as a poultice and also consumed as an infusion to relieve inflammation. This study evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic effect of the ethanolic extract of B. alnifolia and their infusion. It was reported that the ethanol extract contains 4.42 mg GAE/g of dry weight and the infusion contains 35.86 mg GAE/L of total polyphenols. Also, it determined the antioxidant capacity using Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. Moreover, seven metabolites including between phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified for the first time in both extracts of the medicinal plant Baccharis alnifolia. The UHPLC-DAD chromatograms revealed the majority presence of ferulic acid and luteolin, both could be responsible for the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, we realized a preliminary screening of cytotoxicity in different tumor cell lines, finding that these extracts have cytotoxic potential on kidney cells.

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de la estabilidad del sistema formado por el algoritmo de detección temprana aleatoria (RED) en conjunto con el protocolo de control de transmisión (TCP) en función de los parámetros del sistema utilizando la teoría de control moderna. Se deduce la ecuación linealizada del sistema mediante la cual se hace un estudio de la estabilidad en función de la posición de los polos de la matriz del sistema linealizado. Se observa que a medida que crece la cantidad N de conexiones TCP, disminuye la estabilidad. Mediante simulaciones, se comprobaron los resultados obtenidos del análisis teórico. Los experimentos incluyeron diferentes condiciones de operación del sistema con varios valores de máxima probabilidad de marcado de los paquetes, observándose que para valores grandes de probabilidad, la estabilidad relativa también disminuye

This paper presents a study of the stability of the system of the RED (Random Early Detection) algorithm in conjunction with TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) based on the parameters of the system using modern control theory. We deduce the linearized equation of the system through which a study of stability depending on the position of the poles of the linearized system matrix is made. It was noted that as the number (N) of TCP connections grows, stability reduces. Through simulations, the expected results were verified by theoretical analysis. The experiments include different system operating conditions with various values of highest probability of marking packets, noting that for high probability values, the relative stability also decreases

This article presents the central aspects of the Mapuche cosmology related with sickness and healing. Words used in Mapudugún, the native language of the Mapuche, the concepts of equilibrium, disequilibrium, negative energy, and positive energy are discussed. The activities and roles of the Mapuche healing agents as well as those of the individual, are described. The function of the person who is "machi" is presented. Finally, the impact of occidental culture over the customs, culture, curative system, and health of the Mapuche and Pehuenche are evaluated.

En este artículo se exponen aspectos centrales de la cosmovisión mapuche relacionados con la enfermedad y la sanación. Se abordan los conceptos de equilibrio, desequilibrio, energía negativa y energía positiva, indicando las palabras empleadas en el mapudungun o idioma nativo mapuche. Se describen actividades de los agentes de la sanación mapuche, rol de estas personas y sus acciones frente a la enfermedad. Se presenta la función de la persona que tiene rol de machi. Se aborda el impacto de la cultura occidental sobre las costumbres, la cultura pehuenche, el sistema curativo y la salud de los mapuches.